Module 9 assesses whether each company is actively developing business models for a low-carbon future across three categories: 1. Business activities that reduce structural barriers to consumer uptake of advanced vehicles. 2. Activities that aid low-carbon personal mobility, such as a change in preferred modes of transport (‘modal shifts’), car-pooling, ride-hailing and car sharing. 3. Design and manufacture of vehicles which can facilitate modal shifts in mobility.

Ranking overview

Ranking table

Business Model out of 1.8
1 Progress is equal Groupe PSA
Total score 1.1 /1.8
Total score 1.0 /1.8
Total score 0.9 /1.8
- Progress is equal Volkswagen
Total score 0.9 /1.8
5 Progress is equal Renault
Total score 0.7 /1.8
Total score 0.6 /1.8
7 Progress is equal Ford
Total score 0.5 /1.8
- Progress is equal Mahindra & Mahindra
Total score 0.5 /1.8
- Progress is equal Tata Motors
Total score 0.5 /1.8
10 Progress is equal Daimler
Total score 0.4 /1.8
- Progress is equal Hyundai Motor Company
Total score 0.4 /1.8
- Progress is equal Kia Motors Corporation
Total score 0.4 /1.8
13 Progress is equal BMW
Total score 0.3 /1.8
- Progress is equal Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
Total score 0.3 /1.8
Total score 0.3 /1.8
Total score 0.3 /1.8
- Progress is equal Tesla
Total score 0.3 /1.8
- Progress is equal Toyota Motor Corporation
Total score 0.3 /1.8
Total score 0.2 /1.8
Total score 0.2 /1.8
Total score 0.2 /1.8
Total score 0.2 /1.8
- Progress is equal Nissan Motor Company
Total score 0.2 /1.8
24 Progress is equal Honda Motor Company
Total score 0.1 /1.8
- Progress is equal Subaru
Total score 0.1 /1.8
- Progress is equal Suzuki Motor Corporation
Total score 0.1 /1.8
Total score 0.0 /1.8
Total score 0.0 /1.8
Total score 0.0 /1.8
- Progress is equal Mazda Motor Corporation
Total score 0.0 /1.8